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Lindalou

Member Since: January 7, 2006
Last Login: November 20, 2008
Location: United States
Occupation: Retired RN

Biography

Stage IIA IDC with micromets to sentinel node in 2000 at age 47. Lumpectomy, A/C + Taxol chemo, 37 rads, Tamoxifen. Stage IIIC ILC with 23/23 positive nodes in opposite breast in 2005 at age 52. Bilateral mastectomy, Taxotere + Xeloda chemo, 28 rads to 3 fields, now on Aromasin. Stage 2 Lymphedema left hand, arm and trunk. Living life to the fullest between 3 month checkups!

Docs now believe that my ILC was present in 2000 during my treatments for the IDC, but was never discovered during the subsequent 5 years of standard mammograms and ultrasounds. It was finally large enough to be felt on physical exam and was then confirmed by a breast MRI. Please demand MRI if you have dense breasts, a previous hx of breast cancer or are at high risk based on family history!  

Diagnosis

Diagnosis: Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Diagnosed: November 21, 2005
Type: Invasive or Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma
Recurrent? No recurrence
Metastatic? No
Stage: Stage IIIc
Lymph Nodes Removed: 23
Positive Lymph Nodes: 23
Tumor Size: 5cm-5.9cm
Tumor Grade: Grade 1 or low grade
Hormone Receptor Status: Tumor has estrogen receptors but not progesterone receptors
HER2/neu Status: Tumor does not have an excess of HER2/neu receptors or genes

Recent Posts by LindaLou53

Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + Stage III Cancer, Created: Nov 20, 2008 01:16 pm

Zometa

I have been on IV Zometa for 2.5 years now, off-label use for Stage 3C ILC with 23 positive nodes.  I initially got it every 3 months for the first 18 months and am now taking it every 6 months.  I never had severe symptoms post infusion but I have learned that if the infusion is extended to 30 min instead of 15 and given along with a small bag (250 - 500cc) of NS IV fluids it will greatly reduce any chance of side effects...at least that has been my experience.  I generally have absolutely no side effects at all.  I did have mild aches and pains and feeling a bit feverish after the first couple of infusions but that no longer happens now that we have slowed down the infusion rate and added extra fluids.

I am very hopeful that Zometa will soon become standard protocol for women with positive nodes as a means of prevention, not only of bone mets but the possibility of mets elsewhere in the body also.  Of course, time will tell and no treatment will be the magic bullet, but certainly the news up to this point is very encouraging for Zometa. 

This past July was my 8 year anniversary of IDC in the right breast. Tomorrow will be the 3 year anniversary of the biopsy that confirmed my ILC diagnosis of the left breast. I consider Dec 5, 2005 my real anniversary since that is the day we removed both breasts and 23 positive nodes.  I  am very grateful and happy to say I am NED at this point.  This January I get my next 6 month CT scan and IV Zometa dose.  Hopefully, the news will continue to be good!

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + Stage III Cancer, Created: Nov 11, 2008 01:58 am

Tumor markers

I agree with those who say you only need to worry when there is a dramatic increase in the CA27-29 tumor marker results.  I don''t believe the test is all that sensitive even to small increases of cancer cells locally or at least not for everyone.  My CA27-29 scores have always ranged from 21-38 in the 8 years I have been dealing with 2 different primary BCs.  Even with my last diagnosis, having 23 positive nodes and some ruptured in the axilla my tumor markers stayed within normal limits the whole time.

I like to tell myself that as long as my tumor markers are normal I don't have to worry about having any massive mets  hidden somewhere in my body.  My assumption is that the tumor markers would shoot up into the hundreds in that case.  That may not be an accurate assumption but I like to believe it as long as my markers are normal  :)

From my reading though, I believe that tumor markers are just not that accurate or consistent a test to rely upon very heavily.  I have certainly learned not to stress out when my 3 mos bloodwork shows even a 10 point change from the time before, as long as it never goes above the normal range by any huge amount.  I believe that certain medications like non-steroidals (ie ibuprofen - motrin - advil), infection or inflammation,  plus chemo itself and the cell-death it creates can cause tumor markers to fluctuate.

Its hard not to worry about these things, but a small point change in tumor markers is usually not indicative of anything worrisome.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 10, 2008 01:24 am

LE Swelling Post-op

Hi KatieJane,

Sorry you are having to go through all this.  Sounds like your medical team was doing a good job of trying to minimize any increased risk for your LE though.  I can only think of two reasons why you may be experiencing increased swelling at this time.

One is that you have had a major surgery and your body is still going through a period of general inflammation as it attempts to heal.  Any kind of increased stress or inflammation in the body can create increased lymph fluid production.  Even though the surgery was not on your LE arm, your entire lymphatic system is effected and has to work under an additional burden created by the surgery itself.

The other possibility, but I would think less likely, is that your surgery may have involved injury or removal of lymph nodes in the abdominal area.  If this is the case, in someone who already has LE and a compromised lymphatic system, any further damage could cause LE symptoms to worsen.  If your surgery was done completely vaginally, I would think the risk of this kind of damage would be much less than if you had an open abdominal surgery.

I would continue doing what you are now, keeping up with your daily MLD, wearing your garments and checking in with your LE therapist.  My suspicion is that as the healing process completes and your general inflammation from the surgery reduces, your LE will show signs of improvement also.  If, however, your LE worsens dramatically in your arm or trunk along with pain or redness, you should definitely get it checked out to rule out any other possible causes such as DVT or infection.

Living with LE really is a challenge and we have to be vigilant at all times.  It sounds to me like you are doing an excellent job of that.  Sometimes our LE is just very sensitive to changes in our environment and body, and with time a normal balance will be achieved again.

Let us know how it goes for you.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ), Created: Nov 8, 2008 06:20 pm

Mondor's Disease

I think Mondors is probably occuring more often than is being reported or recognized.  I have had chest wall Mondors (sometimes called Ropy Phlebitis) with my lumpectomy in 2000 and my bilateral Masts in 2005.  I also had a superficial phlebitis of the left arm following total axillary node dissection.  It is always a good thing to have it examined by the physican, not only to rule out the more rare but possible DVT, but also to have an official record of Mondors on the books.

I applied heat, took Ibuprofin (Motrin/Advil) to reduce the inflammation and did some very gentle stretching, but it still took close to 3 months to resolve each time. Some articles I have read state that Mondors can be fibrosed lymphatic structures in addtion to thrombosed veins.  Either way it is a painful annoyance and I hope yours soon resolves Sherry. :)

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 8, 2008 05:26 pm

Jobst Price Increase November 17th

Hi Kira,

I got the same email and posted similar in the Jobst Donning Gloves thread yesterday.  I placed my reorder on LE sleeve/gloves thru BioHorizonMedical and compression socks thru ForYourLegs.com yesterday.  Thanks for giving this issue a topic heading of its own.

Here is a copy of the email I received:

Dear Valued ForYourLegs.com customer,
This letter serves as a reminder of the upcoming Jobst Price Increase. Jobst will be implementing a mandatory pricing policy on November 17th forcing us and all Jobst retailers to raise our prices to a minimum level they have set which is 40-50% higher than our current prices. (excludes their Relief line).

To help our customers out, we have extended our FALL BLOWOUT SALE and have lowered our prices on all Jobst, Sigvaris & Juzo products to the lowest they've been all year. This is your last chance to stock up before the price increase. Don't miss this opportunity. Shop now!
To date, only Medi-USA (Mediven) and Jobst have chosen to implement these unfortunate pricing policies. If you are interested in saving some money by trying another brand, please email us at support@foryourlegs.com with your measurements and the model you are currently wearing. We will evaluate each case individually and provide suggested products to help you save. Are you interested in saving even more????? Visit our new site featuring value-priced lines from Futuro, Therafirm and Activa (from the makers of Jobst)...

www.AlevaLegs.com

We are sorry for having to be the bearer of bad news and hope you appreciate our efforts to help you take advantage of these prices before they're gone. We also hope you consider trying other brands. Jobst is not the only brand out there and there are numerous comparable and affordable products available from other manufacturers. We have assisted thousands of customers in switching to other, more affordable lines and would be glad to assist you as well. Please consider trying brands like Sigvaris (www.foryourlegs.com), Therafirm (www.alevalegs.com), Futuro (www.alevalegs.com) and Activa-from the makers of Jobst (www.alevalegs.com). As always, thank you to all our valuable patrons for making ForYourLegs.com the largest compression therapy retailer! We appreciate your continued support.


Happy shopping!

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 7, 2008 11:15 pm

New Jobst Donning Gloves

Hi Bobbie,

Donning gloves are assistive aids to help us "donn" or put on our compression garments.  A compression sleeve or leg garment is designed to fit very snugly in order to keep the swelling at bay and that very property makes them difficult to pull up an arm or leg.  I have many times hit myself in the jaw while trying to pull up my arm sleeve! 

Typically I think standard kitchen rubber gloves are used by most people to help them work the garment and get the traction needed to pull it up.There are also aids called "slippys" or "easy slides" which are made of a slippery type material and placed over the limb to make it easier to work on a compression garment.  There are metal frame like devices that you fit the garment on first and then insert your leg or arm into the frame to more easily get the garment on.  There is a material called "Dycem" which is cut into 8x10" sheets, is very tacky and is used to "donn" nighttime compression garments like the JoviPak.

These new Jobst donning gloves look like they will have some advantages over the standard rubber gloves because they were designed specifically for the purpose of pulling up very tight compression garments.  Will be interesting to see how they work!

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 7, 2008 09:00 pm

New Jobst Donning Gloves

Thanks for your post Jane!  I just ordered my pair of donning gloves from the ForYourLegs.com website this evening.  I also ordered some of their active wear Jobst support socks for my varicose veins.  Found out that Jobst is apparently going to have a significant price increase on their products starting Nov 17th so many of the online websites are having sales right now to move their stock.

It just so happens I met with my LE therapist today to be fitted for my Elvarex Sleeve and glove (its been 6 months and I am overdue for a new set).  I checked with BioHorizons, the DME I order my Elvarex from, and they are going to let me know if the Jobst price increase is indeed a fact. Once I hear back from them I will make a post.  If we have persons on the forum who regularly use Jobst support hose or compression products they might want to consider placing orders prior to Nov 17th.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 7, 2008 09:08 am

Nova Scotia Media Spotlight on Lymphedema

This morning 2 separate articles have appeared in the Halifax Chronicle Herald and Halifax Metro newspapers reporting on the petition that was presented yesterday in Nova Scotia. Here are the links:

http://thechronicleherald.ca/NovaScotia/1088964.html 

http://www.metronews.ca/halifax/local/article/137403 

See yesterday's post which gives more detail on the petition here:  http://community.breastcancer.org/forum/64/topic/723929?page=1#idx_2

Congratulations to Jinky and all the other hard working ladies in Nova Scotia for putting this issue on the front page of the news!  Hoping and praying you hear positive results soon regarding the government's decision to provide coverage on garments.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 6, 2008 06:34 pm

CALLING ALL NOVA SCOTIANS TO SUPPORT LYMPHEDEMA PETITION

Well the news is good!  Just read this post on BCANS from Elaine, detailing the events and success of their efforts today.  Here is her post:

What a day!

Today, Carol Waller's petition to the Nova Scotia Government to cover compression garments for those with secondary lymphedema was presented to the Nova Scotia Legislature and met with unprecedented success.

The day started with a press conference at 10 AM, which although not too well attended, started the ball rolling. Health Critic Dave Wilson, a former paramedic, was there, underlining how important they thought this issue was. We were introduced by NDP MLA Marilyn More, whose office is downstairs from the BCANS office. We were very fortunate to have been joined by Sandra Carr, a survivor who has lymphedema, wears a sleeve and a glove, and was an eloquent and effective spokesperson about how it is to live with it and how it has affected her life. NDP press secretary Kathryn Morse distributed copies of the press release and media package to those members of the press who didn't come, in time to create a buzz of interest in the issue.

By the time Chris d'Entremont, Minister of Health, arrived at the house, the press were primed, and he met with a media scrum. He know there was an issue coming up because I suspect there were a few unnamed people at the press conference who alerted him to it. He issued a statement that you will hear on the news tonight that he is instructing his staff to look into the feasibility of covering the cost of compression garments for those suffering from secondary lymphedema. He said that he understands the importance and effectiveness of compression garments as his mother is a breast cancer survivor and wears a sleeve!

In the afternoon we were escorted to the gallery of the legislature by Caroline Read, a researcher for the NDP caucus. Barb Thompson and I were very grateful for the support of fellow survivors, Peggy MacLean, Barbara Lawson and Allison Cunningham who joined us there.

Marilyn More tabled the petition which sat wrapped in pink ribbons and tulle on the clerk's table in front of the speaker the whole time we were there. She rose again a little later to introduce us to the legislature.

Although it was a bit of a wait, as we sat through motions and procedures, eventually it was question time. Dave Wilson asked one question pertaining to health coverage, then as his supplementary question, asked if the Minister of Health would be prepared to commit to a date for reporting on the findings of his department. Although (not unexpectedly) he wouldn't commit to a date, the minister did assure the speaker that his department will be looking into the matter and will report on their findings in a timely manner.

After we left the gallery we were met by a gaggle of reporters from every news outlet in the city and even some national stringers. Paul Withers was there from CBC. CTV was there, probably Global as well. John Gillis from the Herald asked some questions and there were several radio stations represented as well. Sandra Carr had her arm photographed from every angle and she spoke at length about how it affects her.

According to the NDP staff members, this is more than they ever dreamed of accomplishing in one day, and were extremely impressed by how effective we were, and how well prepared we were.

This would not have been possible if it were not for the efforts of Carol Waller and Rose Bechtel. Carol had the drive to put together the petition and collect the signatures. Working with Rose they developed the information on lymphedema, prepared the letter to the MLA's and wrote Carol's story which gave so freely of her experience. Rose contacted Marilyn More and enlisted her support. They are both to be congratulated and thanked for their dedication.

The help of NDP MLA, Marilyn More, Health Critic Dave Wilson, and the two staff from the NDP Caucus, Caroline Read and Kathryn Morse was so willingly and generously given that we scarcely have words to thank them. They were simply wonderful.

Sandra Carr was introduced to us by Yvonne MacGregor just last week, and we are so grateful to them both. It was just in the nick of time that she appeared and she was clearly the best person for the job.

On the way home tonight, I heard the story on two radio stations, and I fully expect that it will be covered by all the news shows and the Herald in the morning.
__________________
Elaine F

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Hormonal Therapy - Before, During and After, Created: Nov 6, 2008 12:48 am

confused w/recent hair loss & headache

My hair has always been naturally straight and baby fine but still looked pretty good at various lengths and with the help of a perm prior to BC.  After losing my hair the first time to AC/Taxol in 2000, I was pleasantly surprised to see it grow back curly and thicker!  That only lasted about 9 months though and it soon reverted back to its straight fine characteristics. 

After losing my hair a second time in 2005 after Taxotere/Xeloda, my hair grew back fine and straight but thinner than before.  Now after 2.5 years on Aromasin I noticed my hair has recently started to thin out again.  My hairdresser had to cut my hair very short this week and layer it in order to cover up my receding hairline and bare spots on top.  Along with the fact that my eyebrows never fully grew back in after Taxotere and my eyelashes are almost non-existent, the new short haircut makes me feel like I am back to 2006 during active treatment again.

I don't know of any solutions.  I would like to think the thinning will stop but am not really expecting it to. Gosh...maybe I will have to start looking at hair extensions....or getting those hair implants that are advertised on TV all the time.  Frown

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 5, 2008 05:06 pm

CALLING ALL NOVA SCOTIANS TO SUPPORT LYMPHEDEMA PETITION

I am posting this for my good friends at the BCANS website who are trying to get current policy changed for Lymphedema coverage in Nova Scotia.  Our dear Jinky (Carol) spent many long hours creating the petition and gathering over 1000 signatures.  The petition will be formally presented tomorrow, Nov 6th to the Nova Scotia Legislature.  If you are a Nova Scotia resident, please read the following details provided by Elaine, the administrator of the BCANS website and organization:

Lymphedema Petition by Carol (Jinky)

A Petition asking the Nova Scotia Department of Health to fund the purchase of compression garments for breast cancer survivors is being presented to the Legislature on Thursday, November 6th. It is expected to be early on the order paper when the house sits at 1 PM. We hope to have a good number of people in the gallery at the time to show support. During question period right after that, Marilyn More, NDP MLA for Dartmouth South will rise and ask questions of Health Minister Chris d'Entremont about why this is not covered by MSI.

The petition requesting MSI to cover the cost of lymphedema garments was started by Carol (Jinky) of Truro, who gathered more than 1000 signatures from Nova Scotian breast cancer patients and their friends and families. Unfortunately Carol will not be able to be there because of ill health. However, on her behalf, Breast Cancer Action Nova Scotia, a voice for survivors, is presenting the petition to the government and requesting the Legislative Assembly to change the existing legislation so that the cost of pressure garments for lymphedema treatment is covered by MSI.

A press conference will be held at 10AM in the lobby of the legislature, and all are welcome there as well.

Breast Cancer Action Nova Scotia will be holding a press conference at the Nova Scotia Legislature Building on Thursday November 6, 2008 at 10am.

For far too long breast cancer patients have had to bear the burden both of a life altering condition called lymphedema and the financial cost of treating it. We feel our provincial government should be paying for treatment costs for lymphedema that is secondary to breast cancer treatment. On that day, a petition to cover the costs of compression garments will be presented to the Nova Scotia Legislature.

Please join us in the Gallery at the legislature to show our support of this really fundamental issue.

Be there for 12:30, no later:
Meet at the NDP Caucus office at 1660 Hollis St., 10th floor , one block away from the Legislature. Carolyn Read, NDP Researcher, will take us to the Legislature, get us to the right place and tell us what to expect.

See you there!
Elaine

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 4, 2008 10:40 pm

Delayed onset lymphedema?

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Here you go Kessala! 
 
 
Prevention and Treatment of Lymphedema Related to Breast Cancer

Peter A. S. Johnstone, MD, FACR; Tammy E. Mondry, DPT, MSRS, CLT-LANAMedscape Hematology-Oncology.  2007; ©2007 Medscape
Posted 12/14/2007

Introduction

Lymphedema is an abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in an extremity due to a low volume mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system. Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema is caused by disruption of the axillary bed by excision of lymph nodes and/or radiation therapy (RT) to the area. Patients undergoing these procedures are at a lifetime risk of developing edema not only in the upper extremity, but also in the ipsilateral upper quadrant and remaining breast tissue.[1]

The onset of lymphedema may occur at the time of treatment or may be delayed several decades.[2] The frequency of upper extremity lymphedema after an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and/or RT ranges from 6.0% to 33.5%.[3-11]Lymphedema of the breast after ALND and RT is reported to be 9.6%.[9] The occurrence of lymphedema after a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is 2.6% to 3.0%.[7,12] When SLNB is performed, tumor location in the upper outer quadrant has been identified as a risk factor for lymphedema.[12]

There are two commonly used classification systems for lymphedema. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) uses the maximum girth difference between the involved and uninvolved limb to identify the degree of lymphedema. A maximum girth difference less than 3 cm is rated as mild lymphedema; 3 to 5 cm differential is considered moderate; and 5-plus cm differential is considered severe.[13] The International Society of Lymphology also has devised criteria to grade the degree of lymphedema.[14] Stage I is referred to as "Reversible Lymphedema." In this stage, the edematous limb will be soft to palpation and will present with pitting edema. This stage is named for the temporary resolution of edema after prolonged elevation. Stage II is "Spontaneously Irreversible Lymphedema." The edematous limb is much firmer to palpation due to increased fibrosis and soft tissue scarring. There is some temporary reduction of edema with prolonged elevation, but not complete resolution. Stage III is "Lymphostatic Elephantiasis," which is characterized by gross enlargement of the limb. There is hardening and thickening of the dermal tissues with the formation of polyps on the skin. Swelling is not reduced with prolonged elevation of the limb.

Prevention of Lymphedema

The management of lymphedema should always begin with preoperative evaluation and education. This should include recording baseline girth and volume measurements of bilateral upper extremities, educating the patient about arm/hand care guidelines, and noting any factors that may put the patient at an additional risk for the development of lymphedema.

Having baseline measurements of girth and volume facilitates earlier detection and treatment of lymphedema. There is currently no gold standard for the definition of lymphedema. Proposed definitions include: (a) a 200 mL limb volume difference; (b) 10% difference in limb volume; and (c) 2.0 cm circumferential difference, but these are not equivalent.[15] It is thus important that healthcare practitioners be aware of signs and symptoms that may be precursors to the clinical diagnosis of lymphedema.

A prospective cohort study tested the predictive and discriminatory validity of using the patient's symptoms related to limb volume change to determine the presence of clinically measurable lymphedema.[16] The importance of using self-reported symptoms lies in their ability to detect lymphedema at an earlier stage of development. The 2 symptoms that were predictive of a maximal limb difference of 2 cm or more were "heaviness in the past year" and "swelling now."[16] The findings of this study suggest that a combination of symptom assessment and limb volume measurements may provide the best clinical assessment data for identifying changes associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Arm Care Guidelines

The patient should be instructed about arm care guidelines to decrease the risk of developing lymphedema. Risk reduction practices include skin care, modification of activity and lifestyle, avoiding limb constriction, using compression garments, and avoiding extreme temperatures.[17] Ridner[18] performed a retrospective study that compared patients' recall of lymphedema pretreatment education between women with and without breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema, and identified breast cancer survivors' perceived sources of lymphedema education. The results indicated that individuals with lymphedema consistently recalled receiving less education about risk and prevention. The authors concluded that pretreatment lymphedema education may improve breast cancer survivors' recall of educational information received about lymphedema, and risk reduction education may influence the risk of developing lymphedema.[18]

Patient Risk Factors

In addition to educating the patient about risk reduction practices, it is also important to note any factors that may put the patient at an additional risk for the development of lymphedema. Patient risk factors include the stage of cancer at diagnosis, age, obesity, hypertension, and whether the patient received chemotherapy.[19] Patients with more advanced nodal disease are likely to have more extensive axillary surgery along with axillary radiotherapy, which increases the risk of lymphedema.[19] Older age has been found to be associated with an increase in the risk of lymphedema subsequent to RT.[19] Obesity is a strong predictor of arm edema, and hypertension is also noted to increase the risk of arm lymphedema after axillary surgery and RT.[19] Chemotherapy has been reported in some series to increase the complication rate associated with breast RT, including arm edema.[19]

Treatment of Lymphedema

If lymphedema is diagnosed, early intervention is necessary. Although there is no cure for the pathology/pathophysiology of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema, treatment can decrease and maintain the size of the limb.

Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is a 2-phase program that consists of a treatment phase and a maintenance phase. The use of CDT is becoming much more widely accepted and is now considered the standard of care by the International Society of Lymphology.[20] The treatment phase involves 4 components: (a) skin and nail care, (b) manual lymph drainage, (c) compression bandaging, and (d) therapeutic exercise. Manual lymph drainage (MLD) is a manipulative technique used to facilitate lymph flow by increasing the pumping rate of the superficial lymph vessels. The treatment is performed daily with reassessment of limb girth occurring at the end of each week. If the patient's limb girth and volume measurements indicate a reduction when compared to those of the previous week, then the patient continues for another week of therapy. If the patient's limb measurements plateau as compared to the previous week, then the patient begins the maintenance phase. The maintenance phase consists of (a) continued skin and nail care, (b) self-MLD, (c) compression garments worn during the day, (d) self-compression bandaging performed at night, (e) a home exercise program, and (f) reassessments of limb girth and volume, as well as replacement of the compression garments every 6 months.

During the treatment phase, it is important that the patient adhere to all 4 components of the program and, more importantly, maintain the compression bandages on the limb. A prospective study examined the effects of low stretch compression bandaging alone and in combination with manual lymph drainage on arm lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer.[21] The results of the study determined that volume reduction between the compression bandaging group and the compression bandaging plus MLD group was not significant, although the percent reduction was significantly different. Both groups reported a reduction in the feeling of heaviness and tension in the arm, but only the compression bandaging and MLD group experienced a significant decrease in pain. This study concluded that compression bandaging is an effective treatment for volume reduction of slight or moderate breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema, and MLD adds a positive effect. Our group has reported a prospective trial demonstrating that MLD/CDT provided beneficial response in terms of pain and quality of life persisting through 12 months of follow-up.[22]

There is some controversy about the role of resistive exercise in this setting, since some speculate that resistive exercise may exacerbate lymphedema. A randomized controlled trial was performed to examine the effects of supervised upper and lower body weight training on the incidence and symptoms of breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema.[23] Circumferential measurements and self-reported symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The results of the study indicate that none of the subjects experienced a change in the arm circumference after the 6-month intervention exercise program. The self-reported symptoms also did not vary. This study concluded that a 6-month intervention of resistance exercise did not increase the risk for or exacerbate symptoms of lymphedema.

Some lymphedema therapists may be averse to performing manipulative therapy in patients with metastatic disease, or with existing disease in the draining anatomic bed. We have maintained that metastatic disease is a function of the underlying cancer, and not of lymphatic pressure differentials within the patient.[24] Furthermore, we have published that patients who undergo MLD/CDT with disease in the draining lymphatic bed require significantly more treatments to plateau, but achieve similar results as patients without such disease.[25] Similarly, while a history of RT will increase the likelihood of lymphedema, its use does not make the lymphedema any more difficult to treat, or success any less likely.[26]

Once the treatment phase is completed, the patient begins the maintenance phase. The maintenance phase is a lifelong self-care program. It is therefore important that the patient have an understanding of lymphedema and the importance of the maintenance program. A qualitative study was performed by Radina and colleagues[27] to determine the accuracy of patient knowledge about lymphedema. An evaluation of the participants' lymphedema chronic condition representations and management choices revealed that these women had a fairly clear understanding of lymphedema. The participants were able to discuss the causes and management strategies of their condition. Despite the high knowledge level of these participants, they still seemed confused about the simultaneous roles of exercise as a lymphedema cause and management strategy. The patient should therefore be educated about proper exercise techniques to avoid confusion and ensure adherence to the maintenance program. Compliance with the maintenance phase has been shown to be related to better outcomes.[28]

There is currently no cure for lymphedema; therefore, once a diagnosis of lymphedema is made, it must be monitored over the course of the patient's life span. The patient should undergo reassessments of limb girth and volume every 6 months to monitor the condition and modify or redirect therapy as appropriate. A qualitative study was performed to describe the experience of managing lymphedema in breast cancer survivors.[29] The study determined that the participants came to the realization that their arms could get bigger if they did not continue taking care of their lymphedema. They also realized that not taking care of their lymphedema would intensify their physical sensations, such as discomfort and/or pain, soreness, aching, burning sensations, and the feeling of heaviness, rigidity, or tiredness in the affected upper quadrant. The study suggested that instead of merely evaluating breast cancer survivors' degree of compliance with treatment, practitioners should also assess the impact of the presence or absence of the patient's intentions to manage their lymphedema, to determine the patient's consciousness of actions toward lymphedema management.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the recommended guidelines for lymphedema management should include preoperative assessment and patient education for lymphedema prevention; early detection through symptom and limb measurement assessment; early intervention with a comprehensive treatment program once lymphedema is diagnosed; and continued assessment and maintenance, with patient education every 6 months.

Supported by an independent educational grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure

References

<table><tbody><tr><td>
  1. Mondry TE, Johnstone PAS. Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema limited to the breast. J Surg Oncol. 2002;81:101-104. Abstract
  2. Brennan MJ, Weitz J. Lymphedema 30 years after radical mastectomy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;71:12-14. Abstract
  3. Wilke LG, McCall LM, Posther KE, et al. Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:491-500. Abstract
  4. Edwards TL. Prevalence and aetiology of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment in southern Tasmania. Aust NZ J Surg. 2000;70:412-418.
  5. Logan V. Incidence and prevalence of lymphedema: A literature review. J Clin Nurs. 1995;4:213-219. Abstract
  6. Bani HA, Fasching PA, Lux MM, et al. Lymphedema in breast cancer survivors: assessment and information provision in a specialized breast unit. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;66:311-318. Abstract
  7. Golshan M, Martin WJ, Dowlatshahi K. Sentinel lymph node biopsy lowers the rate of lymphedema when compared with standard axillary lymph node dissection. Am Surg. 2003;69:209-211. Abstract
  8. Hinrichs CS, Watroba NL, Rezaishiraz H, et al. Lymphedema secondary to postmastectomy radiation: incidence and risk factors. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:573-580. Abstract
  9. Goffman TE, Laronga C, Wilson L, Elkins D. Lymphedema of the arm and breast in irradiated breast cancer patients: Risks in an era of dramatically changing axillary surgery. Breast J. 2004;10:405-411. Abstract
  10. Deo SV, Ray S, Rath G K, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for development of lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Ind J Cancer. 2004;41(1):8-12.
  11. Petrek JA, Heelan MC. Incidence of breast carcinoma-related lymphedema. Cancer. 1998;83:2776-2781. Abstract
  12. Sener SF, Winchester DJ, Martz CH, et al. Lymphedema after sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92:748-752. Abstract
  13. American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. 2nd edition. Alexandria, Va: APTA; 2001.
  14. Casley-Smith JR, Foldi M, Ryan TJ, et al. Summary of the 10th International Congress of Lymphology Working Group Discussions and Recommendations, Adelaide, Australia, August 10-17, 1985;18:175-180.
  15. Armer JM, Stewart BR. A comparison of four diagnostic criteria for lymphedema in a post-breast cancer population. Lymph Res Biol. 2005;3:208-217.
  16. Armer JM, Radina ME, Porock D, Culbertson SD. Predicting breast cancer-related lymphedema using self-reported symptoms. Nurs Res. 2003;52:370-379. Abstract
  17. Thiadens SRJ. Lymphedema risk-reduction practices. Available at: http://www.lymphnet.org/lymphedemaFAQs/riskReduction/riskReduction.htm. Accessed July 10, 2006.
  18. Ridner SH. Pretreatment lymphedema education and identified educational resources in breast cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;61:72-79. Abstract
  19. Meek AG. Breast radiotherapy and lymphedema. Cancer. 1998;83:2788-2797. Abstract
  20. Jimenez Cossio JA, Farrajota A, Samaniego E, Witte MH, Witte CL (eds). Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Lymphology. Lymphology. 1998;31:1-621. Abstract
  21. Johansson K, Albertsson M, Ingvar C, Ekdahl C. Effects of compression bandaging with or without manual lymph drainage treatment in patients with postoperative arm lymphedema. Lymphology. 1999;32:103-110. Abstract
  22. Mondry TE, Riffenburgh RH, Johnstone PAS. Prospective trial of complete decongestive therapy for lymphedema after breast cancer therapy. Cancer J. 2004;10:42-48. Abstract
  23. Ahmed RL, Thomas W, Yee D, Schmitz KH. Randomized controlled trial of weight training and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2765-2772. Abstract
  24. Godette K, Mondry TE, Johnstone PAS. Can manual treatment of lymphedema promote metastasis? J Soc Integr Oncol. 2006;4:8-12.
  25. Pinell XA, Kirkpatrick SH, Hawkins K, Mondry TE, Johnstone PAS. Manipulative therapy of secondary lymphedema in the presence of locoregional tumors. In press, Cancer.
  26. Thomas RC, Hawkins K, Kirkpatrick SH, Mondry TE, Gabram SM, Johnstone PAS. Reduction of lymphedema using complete decongestive therapy; the roles of prior radiation therapy and extent of axillary dissection. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2007;5:87-91. Abstract
  27. Radina ME, Armer JM, Culbertson SD, Dusold JM. Post-breast cancer lymphedema: understanding womens knowledge of their condition. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004;31:97-104. Abstract
  28. Johnstone PAS, Hawkins K, Hood S. The role of patient adherence in maintenance of results after lymphedema therapy. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2006;4:125-129.
  29. Fu MR. Breast cancer survivors' intentions of managing lymphedema. Cancer Nurs. 2005;28:446-457. Abstract
</td></tr></tbody></table>

Peter A. S. Johnstone, MD, FACR, Professor and Chair, Radiation Oncology Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Tammy E. Mondry, DPT, MSRS, CEO and President, New Horizons Physical Therapy, PC, San Diego, California

Disclosure: Peter A. S. Johnstone, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Disclosure: Tammy E. Mondry, DPT, MSRS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.


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Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + Stage III Cancer, Created: Nov 4, 2008 04:25 pm

It's been awhile... why am i so scared!

Hi Ihopeg,

Was your MRI in June a Breast MRI?  With your history of ILC not detected by standard mammogram I would definitely be getting an ultrasound along with mammogram as a bare minimum.  Discuss this with your breast surgeon or oncologist so you can agree upon a standard followup protocol that is individualized to your personal BC history.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + Stage III Cancer, Created: Nov 4, 2008 04:00 pm

Newly diagnosed Stage 3

Hi Texas! 

Sorry you have joined our club but you will find tons of good info and support here.  You are still in that difficult "deer in headlight" stage where it seems every day brings a new shock and "out of body" experience. Waiting for the final path reports and getting a treatment plan decided upon is always  the most difficult part of diagnosis.  Once you get over that hurdle and come to terms with the next steps to be taken, it will get a little easier.

I understand your feeling of betrayal when your BC was not picked up after being so diligent in getting your mammograms.  It is a hard reality that in spite of the progress that has been made over the years in early detection, it is still not a perfect technology by any means.  My first BC detected in 2000 by mammogram was IDC and caught relatively early (stage 2, SLN with micromets) but little did I know or was informed at that time that other forms of BC, in particular Lobular BC are much more likely to be missed as much as 50% of the time on standard mammograms or ultrasounds.

I certainly felt angry and betrayed when my Stage 3 ILC with 23/23 nodes positive was not discovered until 5 years later after 3-6 month checkups and annual mammograms.  But as you are learning it does not help to dwell on the "what if's".

The good news is, as hard as it may be to believe it right now, there are indeed very many of us who are living long and well following a stage 3 diagnosis.  I am 8 years out from my IDC dx and will be 3 years out next month from my ILC dx.  I plan on being around for a long time and try to make my life choices based on that outlook.

We do have a fair number of threads on these forums of long term survival stories which are always encouraging to those of us still ticking off the early years post treatment.  I made a post recently about my physical therapist who I found out was a 17 year survivor of Stage 3 BC with 11/16 nodes positive.  The link to that thread is here:

http://community.breastcancer.org/forum/67/topic/723128?page=1#idx_17 

Here are some other links to long term survivor stories and Stage 3 threads that may give you encouragement:

http://community.breastcancer.org/forum/67/topic/703896?page=1#post_903793 

 http://community.breastcancer.org/forum/67/topic/709474?page=1#post_996614

 http://community.breastcancer.org/forum/67/topic/706653?page=1#post_953426

Just remember that we are not "statistics", whether or not any or us will have a long life is known only to God.  Don't let anyone try to put an expiration tag on you!

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Nov 4, 2008 01:58 pm

Delayed onset lymphedema?

Hi Kessala, 

LE is a lifetime risk and while 75% of lymphedema onset occurs in the first 3 years following treatment, there are still patients who don't experience the onset of LE until many years later.  Here is a link to a recent (12/2007) and fairly comprehensive article on LE.  It may require that you register with MedScape to see the second page.  I can copy/paste the full length article here if you have a problem viewing the link.

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/566471_1 

Here are just a few excerpts:

"Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema is caused by disruption of the axillary bed by excision of lymph nodes and/or radiation therapy (RT) to the area. Patients undergoing these procedures are at a lifetime risk of developing edema not only in the upper extremity, but also in the ipsilateral upper quadrant and remaining breast tissue.[1]"

"The onset of lymphedema may occur at the time of treatment or may be delayed several decades.[2]"

Here is another link to a 1992 article detailing the onset of LE in a woman 30 years post mastectomy. Her LE developed after she started doing daily finger sticks to check blood sugar following a recent diagnosis of diabetes.

http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/1739437 

Hope this helps.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Hormonal Therapy - Before, During and After, Created: Oct 29, 2008 02:22 am

Trigger Finger Questions...PLease Help!

Hi Susan,

I suggest you send this link or a copy of the article to your "specialist".  AIs have long been associated with arthralgias and joint problems particularly of the hand and wrist.

http://www.current-oncology.com/index.php/oncology/article/viewFile/179/152

Particularly point out to him page 6 and section 2.3 Investigation of AI-Associated Arthralgia

Clinical signs included severely limited mobility in the affected part of the hand or wrist. "Trigger finger" and carpal tunnel syndrome were the most frequently reported clinical signs,

I developed severe hand and wrist pain with trigger thumb and trigger pinky about 5-6 months after being on Aromasin.  It was very painful during the acute phase but after about 3-4 months it got better on its own.  I have been on Aromasin now for 2.5 years and I just experience stiffness in my hands but the locking trigger fingers and acute inflammatory pain is gone.  I think it just took time for my body to adjust to the AI.  I am glad I did not pursue surgery on my hands. 

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Breast Prostheses and Reconstruction Alternatives, Created: Oct 29, 2008 01:00 am

No Cleavage!

Joyful, I had my bilateral mastectomy in Dec 2005 and did not do reconstruction.  I did think I would wear a prosthesis initially, but after not wearing anything during the 6 weeks of Rads I decided I liked going flat the best.  I also had developed lymphedema of my left arm and did not want to aggravate it by wearing heavy prosthesis and tight bra bands around my chest.  I have been going "flat" now for almost 3 years.  Last time I wore a prosthesis was for my brother's wedding a year ago, otherwise they just sit on my closet shelf.

For me going flat is certainly the most physically comfortable and convenient approach.  I do get a little discouraged at times about how I look in certain clothes, but that is mostly due to my prominent belly and rib cage which is now so noticeable without boobs.  Whenever I want to "dress up"  I wear lots of layers or interesting patterns or bodice designs that tend to camouflage my flat chest.  I am very tall, so wearing long tunics with a blouse or tank underneath works well for me also.  In spite of wishing I was younger, thinner and had gotten better hair, eyelashes and eyebrows back after chemo, I still feel going flat has been an easy decision for me!   Smile

Initially I felt a little self-conscious in public but that did not last long.  I have found that most people just really are not all that observant.  I decided my personal comfort and sense of freedom was of more importance. 

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + ILC (Invasive Lobular Carcinoma), Created: Oct 27, 2008 12:46 am

What Chemo for ILC

I was given 4 rounds of A/C and 4 rounds of Taxol in 2000 for my stage 2 IDC, not knowing at the time that I also had a ILC in the other breast. When my stage 3 ILC was finally detected 5 years later in 2005, my onc opted to give me 6 rounds of Taxotere and also put me on oral Xeloda. I started taking Aromasin during rads and have been on it for 2.5 years now. Will be 3 years NED next month.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Connecting With Others Who Have a Similar Diagnosis + Stage III Cancer, Created: Oct 23, 2008 12:53 pm

mixed type Stage III breast cancer, anyone else?

Hi Tammie,

I don't believe it is all that unusual for a women to have mixed types of cancer present when you are talking DCIS and LCIS or even IDC and ILC.  I was told, however, that only about 5% of women with a breast cancer diagnosis will later have a second primary bc diagnosis. I am not sure if they consider two different types of bc found in the same breast at the same time as two primaries or not.  I have had both IDC and ILC, one in each breast but they were detected 5 years apart even though my docs now know the ILC was present when I was being treated for the IDC, it was just never picked up by the standard mammograms.

The fact that both your IDC and ILC tumors have the same ER/PR+ and Her2Neu-  status is good because you can benefit from both the chemo and the anti-hormonals.  Was your prophylactic breast clear of bc or were your tumors in different breasts?  It sounds like you are treating this aggressively and you have every reason to be excited about your reconstruction soon being complete.

I will only make one comment, not to discourage you but to hopefully keep you from becoming less vigilant regarding your future breast health.  Just as much as we can never blindly accept the statements of a  doctor who tells us we are statistically  "doomed" to a recurrence or incurable cancer, we also must not be too willing to accept as truth the statement that we are "cured". It would be great if we could know that for a fact, but unfortunately nothing in life is certain.

By all means, get on with your life, enjoy your wonderful family and know that you have taken the necessary steps to give yourself the best chance of a long and healthy future.  Just continue to keep  vigilant regarding staying in tune with your body and keeping up with new advancements in breast cancer research which might have a positive impact on you. 

You have made it through this last year and have every reason to celebrate!

Best wishes,

LindaLou

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-
Posted in: Tests, Treatments & Side Effects + Lymphedema After Surgery, Created: Oct 21, 2008 12:53 pm

Jobst Elvarex Info

Thanks for the research on the latex in Elvarex.  I have been wearing the custom Elvarex sleeves and gloves for almost 3 years now, but I don't have any issues with latex allergies so never really thought to check it out for myself.

I saw the new Elvarex seamless glove at an exhibition booth a year ago but the rep told me it would most likely not be adequate for my stage 2 LE with fibrosis.  I currently wear a class 3 Elvarex sleeve and class 2 glove but I see that the seamless glove is supposed to be 20-30mmHg which should be enough compression.  The Elvarex flat weave is definitely a heavier, more coarse fabric which I have gotten used to wearing.  If the seamless Elvarex glove can be custom made I may check it out.  With my long fingers and long arms I can't use the off the shelf models.  I need all the compression I can get on my hand.

Life is not measured by how many breaths we take...but by the moments that take our breath away!
Dx 11/21/2005, ILC, 5cm, Stage IIIc, Grade 1, 23/23 nodes, ER+/PR-, HER2-

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