Calling all triple negative breast cancer patients in the UK
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Hello i'm finish the England history by Diana Uribe.
All this time I been sick this program is my great company.
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sylviaexmouth - I am from the Caribbean.
TN diagnosed Sept2017 completed chemo waiting to do rads.
Need info on rads any skin issue or other side effects other than tiredness?how have you dealt with rad burns if any? Feet neuropathy how do iu deal with it?
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Hi, Sylvia
Now you must admit, the thread seems busy. We are getting more international every day!
I may have gotten rid of my groundhog, one way or another. I did my old trick of throwing 2 boxes of mothballs under the house and then packing the holes with wet dirt. It may seem heartless, but I was at a loss of what else to do. So far nothing has gone in or come out. The bad thing is that the entire house smells strongly of mothballs, I suppose it's only fair that I should suffer too, fortunately this is my old house at the farm and I am not living there. Right now I can't even get there easily, the neighbor has the bridge being worked on and am unable to drive on it.
I was also doing lawn work, and using a piece of equipment I shouldn't have been using. The upshot of it is that I very much fear I have torn something in my left (good) shoulder, which leaves me with 2 injured shoulders. I am rather upset about it, but probably will have to get one of them fixed now. I haven't been to a doc yet to evaluate it.
Boppard on Rhine was not on our list of stops, I suspect we passed that town during the night; we asked about the town of Remagen and were told that was passed in the night too. There were so many lovely little towns we missed, I'm sure.
I will have to go out this morning, and have a lot of catching up to do here. I see Marias is back and looking very good, isn't that wonderful?!
Talk to you soon, love,
Mary
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Hi, Jags
Thank you for saying I am brave, I am not sure about that, it's the way things have turned out. The way my husband and I worked on problems the last few years was like this: I would see the problems, and things that needed fixing, and he would either fix it or get someone to fix it. Now I still see the problems, but I usually can't fix it and am not sure where he found the people to do the work. The loneliness is something else: I am busy and so try not to think about it too much, and I have gotten used to going places alone. I don't like it all the time, that's true. I miss my partner in life.
I am not the same person physically either, I seem to have become an orthopedic doctor's dream with painful knees and shoulders! I also got neuropathy from the chemo, and it bothers my feet, hands, and has made my legs have weakness. I was very active before all this, and ate better than most people, but needed improvement. I did have a lot of stress, like you I think most people have stress, but most people don't have cancer. I am also 4 years older than when I started this journey, and had almost a year of reduced activity while dealing with my treatment and my husband's illness. Anyway, I struggle with all this and have not gotten used to it.
I get a massage at least once a month, I see an acupuncture doctor once a month, and I try to eat well. I see oncologist every 6 months, but she does no tests unless she suspects something. These visits are very brief, and seem pointless but I guess that is good.
I hope all continues to go well for you, Jags, and I will talk to you again soon.
Mary
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LoveAndLight88
O had the same pain.the doc tor send me an ecografy. I have something i'm my vesícula. Talk with the doctor about that
Abrazos
Marias
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Hello Susie,
I shall now try to answer your original post to me. I was glad to know you have been getting on alright on your FEC chemotherapy. I hope all goes well on docetaxel (Taxotere).
I think the injections you have been given for eight days after each day in the unit must be the drug filgrastim which is also known as Neupogen. It is used during chemotherapy to boost white blood cells which fight infection. I am not sure how new it is in the UK but I think it has been used for a long time in the US. I know that women taking it do complain of muscle and bone pain. I certainly was not given this way back in 2005/6 but I did not have any problems with low white blood cells or low red blood cells.
It is true that sometimes we can have too much information for our own good and perhaps more than we need. I do believe that information means power but it is good to know when to stop. The newly diagnosed may be overwhelmed and frightened by too much information and I do wonder sometimes about patients reading their own pathology reports that will be full of medical terms. I did not get offered my pathology report and I would not wish to see it now. What patients need to know after treatment is that they are no evidence of disease (NED). On diagnosis they need to know what kind of breast cancer they have, what the receptor status is and what the treatment plan is and whether it will be chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy and why. I would always want to know what chemotherapy drugs are to be used and why.
Reading side effects of the various drugs and any aids to the drugs can be frightening. I remember asking for a brochure about the side effects of Taxotere and as the nurse brought one for me she said that she thought I would not want the drug after reading the side effects! I cannot remember the details of that brochure but I am pretty sure it did not say anything about how these taxane drugs caused lymphoedema or neuropathy in the feet or hands and that this neuropathy cannot be cured.
All drugs have side effects.
I remember watching a programme on the television last Wednesday about over-medication of children and what it was doing to them. I think the second part is on this evening. The doctor thinks it has all gone too far. He said the following: "All medicines do harm. All drugs do harm. No exceptions".
As I said when I started answering the post earlier on, it is difficult to say whether people find Taxotere harder than FEC. It is all very personal.
I was glad to know that you like your wig.
I was also glad to know you are getting out and about and having some enjoyment. The more normal we can keep our lives during chemotherapy the better. I carried on as normal but had I been still teaching French in a High School I do not think I would have managed it. Teaching is very demanding and you have to keep going.
It is good that you are finding the whole experience interesting. That will keep you going. Like you, I have been healthy all my life and was diagnosed with breast cancer a few months before my 63rd birthday. I did not like the idea of being ill and I found it difficult being in a hospital setting, as I did not look at all ill and did not feel ill. It was a very strange experience.
We have had women on the thread going through pregnancy and having breast cancer. I think they probably took a rest from chemotherapy, the baby was born and then they went back on treatment. There are posts about all this from BreastCancerHusband and Mumtobe. You might be able to locate their posts if you are interested. Both women gave birth to healthy babies.
Keep in touch and keep looking forward.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Marias,
Thank you for your second post on May 29th.
I am managing well with the lymphoedema. I am wearing a compression sleeve from time to time and doing the exercises. I have been told it is a chronic condition but I hope to make it go away.
I am sure you will love your time in Spain. I went through Spain quite lot when o was teaching in Morocco. That was many years ago but I did like Madrid, Seville and Granada.
I am sure, too, that you will enjoy Sweden and Norway. I visited them many years ago as well and was very impressed with them and found them very beautiful.
I do hope everything went well with your appointment with the surgeon today. Let us know how you got on.
I do hope everything goes well with your appointment with the oncologist. Please let us know.
It sounds as though you will be very busy as you see these different doctors.
I am not sure I have understood what is happening with your appointment with the gastroenterologist. Do you have a problem with a blister (a vesicle) under the skin because of your treatment? What is happening with your thyroid treatment after your thyroid surgery? Let us know how you get on.
Thinking of you.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Marias,
Thank you for your latest post and for those magnificent photographs.
I can understand from reading this post that all your treatment made you very weak. Only you can fully understand the kind of weakness that made you so weak that you could not pick up a glass of water or a pot or dish with one hand and that you had to use two hands. Everything can only get better for you.
I am so glad that your medication has helped you to get stronger.
Keep in touch and look forward to those marvellous holidays you are going to have.
Abrazos.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello again Marias,
I was very interested in that you have finished the History of England in Spanish. Share some of your thoughts about this with us. As an English person I am very interested in what the people of other countries think of the UK and its history.
I am going to try to find the time to listen to the History during the weekend. It sounds very interesting.
Is Diana Uribe famous?
Fond thoughts.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Dark13,
Thank you for your post and welcome to the thread. What country, exactly, are you from?
You must be very glad that you have finished chemotherapy. It is the longest part of the breast cancer journey. I hope you did not find it too difficult.
I saw the details about your chemotherapy treatment and saw that you did not mention cyclophosphomide as part of your doxorubicin (Adriamycin) treatment. The two usually go together as AC (brand name of cyclophosphomide Cytoxan). How did you get on with paclitaxel (Taxol)? Some women find this drug difficult.
I do hope all goes well with your radiotherapy. You will find this treatment goes quickly as you usually have five treatments a week on a daily basis and a break at the weekend. You should be told how many weeks you will have. The treatment does not long each day. You need to take care of your skin to stop it burning. You will probably be told what kind of cream to use.
I had three weeks of radiotherapy with boosters and had no problems with my skin, no burns. I sometimes used aloe vera gel to keep my skin in good condition. Listen to the advice from your medical team.
Before starting treatment on the real machine you should be mapped out on a prototype machine.
As for neuropathy in the feet, which many of us have, my oncologist told me it was definitely caused by the taxane drugs, either paclitaxel (Taxol) or docetaxel (Taxotere). My own neuropathy is mainly numbness and I can live with it. My oncologist, GP and podiatrist have told me there is no cure.
I hope this helps.
Best wishes.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Mary,
Thank you for your latest post. You are right the thread has suddenly gone busy and yes we are getting more international every day. I have to take a break now but I shall get back to you as soon as I can.
Talk soon.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Oh, you were a French teacher? I read French at university though never really used it in my career. When I go to francophone countries now, I am always slightly surprised to find that I can still speak it fluently. I do occasionally go out with a French language group in Richmond to have a chance to converse.
I have had no bone or muscle pain from Filgrastim. So far.
I was given brochures on both lots of chemo drugs right at the start. When I read them my immediate thought was 'I can't do this as it sounds horrendous!' I slept on it and realised that I had to do it. The head chemo nurse, who is brilliant, suggested that I read each pamphlet again before my first session and I said that I thought I wouldn't, thanks.
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Thais is my bed. The pillow un the right arm
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Thais is my bed. The pillow un the right arm
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Hola Marias,
I am so glad and relieved that you are well, and you look very well and very lovely! I can see how you felt you were in prison all those months, you had so many things to deal with. I am so glad you have a great trip coming up, that is something good to think about. I just came back from a trip to Europe, but only 2 weeks. It was great though, I enjoy seeing things I have not seen before. I did post a few pictures a few pages back.
How nice that your friends threw you a party, I'm glad you were not in the hospital for your birthday!!
It must be so good to be back at work, and exercising, and going on a trip. Please enjoy all of it, and once again, I am so happy for you!
Talk to you soon, love, Mary
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Hello Everyone,
I'm in Glasgow, about to leave for a short tour. This has been the trip of a lifetime. I have to write more when I return. In the meantime, Sylvia, I am in the UK! Again! Haha. Marias, I just showed my Colombian husband your pretty picture. I'm so happy to see your post.
Love and good wishes to you all.
Pam
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Mary and Sylvia ! - Thank you for the advice - i did make an appointment with her onco, she has scheduled a ultra sound for her gallbladder. She does not think its anything serious ( hopefully ) and its just one of the side effects of chemo.
Mary - i read you had a liver condition, was that during chemo? i am very happy that al cleared up for you. mum had extremely high levels of enzymes during round 6 of taxol and they gave her the week off until the liver enzymes comes down which they did thankfully!
Onco was happy to cut the treatment for 12 to 10 sessions as she felt anymore chemo was going to do more damage than good to mum in her case, she felt that it will have too much of an impact on neuropathy ( mum loses her grip alot she seems to be dropping things alot and has constant tinglyness and aches )
Mum has her last chemo session tomorrow ! I'm so happy for her and i just wanted to thank everyone here for your unconditional support through this journey with us. It has not been easy, and i pray every night for each and everyone of you and for your recovery !
Good news also the genetic tests came back today - negative !! mum isn't carrying the BRCA1 OR 2 gene. That was a big stress factor for mum, she felt this sense of guilt and was worrying for me and all the "what if i have it what will i do what will sarah do" the waiting game was not easy, she was feeling very down and anxious for the last 2-3 weeks since she took the test. So all in all it was a good check up today. So happy we can put that to rest and focus on the next step of her treatment !
Will pop in tomorrow and give you updates on her last session !
Sending everyone lots of hugs
Sarah x
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Pam !
So glad you're having fun in Scotland its so beautiful up there ! will you be traveling to others parts of the UK.
Apparently we are anticipating 48 hours of strong thunder and lightning starting today. The sky is a very eery shade of yellow and grey today in London. The quiet before the storm !
To the ladies in the UK I hope nobody gets caught in todays rainfall !!
Xx
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Hi Silvia, how did it go? I hope you will improve your arm a lot and that the compression sleeves will make you feel confident that little by little you will go or will decrease the inflammation of the arm. Remember that you are dizzy from reading about the Nordic walk and the positive effects over the lymphedema.
It is very good that both you mary and Silvia áre gardening and enjoying the good weather.
Pam I am very happy that bread is on vacation in Scotland.
Mary what a beautiful trip it is that you have made europe those tows that you have known the photos that you have shared you see a face of incredible happiness
HAnnie, I am very sorry for everything that is happening in your country, the demonstrations. In search of a better life for all, I trust that a positive change is achieved for all and keeping the identity of your compatriots above all.
Yesterday I was where the surgeon oncologist sent me an MRI specifically in the breast area to be able to identify that shadow that is coming out of my right breast but he tells me that I can do it when I'm back from the trip since they need to compare this magnetic resonance with the last mammography that I did in April.
The oncologist sent me vitamin B12 an injection every day for a week and then one every week and then one every month for 3 months. He
also told me to take a daily aspirin for a week so that I would avoid having lymphedema because of the long airplane trip and I get up and stretch every 2 hours.
Tomorrow I have the abdominal ultrasound to check what I have in the vecicle . I hope there is no change. in it the blood tests on tumor indicators went negative
I am coming physiotherapy every day they are strengthening each one of my muscles I liked it a lot and you make me feel a little stronger as I still go to the lymphatic massage three times a week so that my arm will not go to load of the linfa
Abrazos
Marias
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Hello Sylvia and all of you. Just dropping in to read what's been happening and to share that I got the results of the scans today and they are clear. I went over to the local clinic so I could have copies of the reports, and it doesn't seem as if there is anything to worry about. With reference to the bones (I have osteoarthritis throughout my body), one page of the report said that there was no appreciable change in the points where there are sclerotic spots, and another page said there was NO change. So the oncologist is ordering another bone scan (my last one was six months ago and it sounds like she does this on a regular basis), so I am hoping it won't be too long a wait, and then we have to go to Winnipeg to see her after that is done. So, to some extent, my mind is at ease, but I am finding that it is true what others on these forums have stated, and that is that we will ALWAYS be aware that recurrence could come at any time. One product that I have been using for about 15 months is Young Living Sulfurzyme, which is for joint pain, and I can say I have so much less pain than before I started it. This week has been my best in over a year - two full days of yard work, planting flowers, canning, etc. Went for a two mile walk today and hope to get another mile in before bedtime. So - I feel and hope I will continue to do well.
I think of those of you with ongoing treatments and issues and just want you to know I don't forget you and keep you in my thoughts and prayers. Hugs to all of you.
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Hello Mary,
Thank you for your last post on May 30th.
I was intrigued by the way you dealt with your problem with the groundhog.
I was interested in what you said that you are not living in the old house at the farm. It sounds to me as though you have a lot of work to keep everything going.
I do hope that you will find that you have not damaged your left and good shoulder. I hope you get to see a doctor soon to sort it out. I have a friend here who was recently diagnosed the tear you mentioned you have and she said she thought she had caused it when stretching to the back of her car from the driving seat to pick up a bag or briefcase. We have to be so careful what we are doing. This person had both breast removed sometime ago as a preventive because her sister had died of breast cancer. Her siblings and her had the faulty gene test and she and two brothers had it but the other youngest brother did not. It was interesting that the youngest brother had a different blood type. When she damaged the shoulder first of all and had swelling, she thought she had lymphoedema. She does exercises for the rotator cuff problem.
That it about all for now, as there have been quite a lot of posts since you posted and I need to catch up.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Marias,
I was intrigued by the photograph of your bed and the pillow. It reminded me of when I was in hospital straight after surgery for the mastectomy of my right breast and I was told to sleep with my right arm on a pillow in that position. It is to try to avoid lymphoedema. I also had exercises to do the day after surgery.
At the lymphoedema clinic last year I was told to sleep like this again to help the flow of lymph during the night. I do try it but find it difficult because I tend to move my arm to a different postion during my sleep!
Abrazos.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Pam,
It was lovely to hear from you and to know that you are in Glasgow in Scotland.
How are you finding the accent?! It is one of the most difficult to understand for non-Glaswegians!
I am sure we shall all look forward to hearing about your trip, especially as you say it has been the trip of a lifetime.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Sarah,
Thank you for your post. I do hope you have good news for your mother with the ultrasound for her gall bladder.
I do hope all will turn out fine with the problem of high levels of enzymes in the liver. I am not sure what this means but I shall try to look it up. With chemotherapy anything in the body may be affected. I was glad to know that your mother was taken off for a week and that the liver enzymes went down.
From everything I am reading from patients going through treatment, I think that the taxanes, both Taxol and Taxotere, are having a very nasty effect and are worse than the older drugs, doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphomide, fluorouracil and methotrexate, which were the ones used for many years before the introduction of the taxane drugs. We know that the taxanes cause peripheral neuropathy in the feet and hands, as well as lymphoedema. For me they also caused eyebrows and eyelashes to vanish. All that is a big price to pay.
I was glad to know that the oncologist cut your mother's treatment from 12 to 10 sessions because she thought any more chemotherapy was going to do more damage than good. I think this gives new ammunition to new patients to ask for as little chemotherapy treatment as possible to bring a patient into NED (no evidence of disease). I thought that treatment was based on a patient's height and weight. That was certainly the case when I had my treatment.
I was sorry to read that your mum loses her grip and seems to be dropping things a lot and has tingling and aches. It sounds to me as though she already has neuropathy, probably in hands and feet.
I am sure your mum will be glad that she has her last chemotherapy today.
It is good news that the BRCA1 or BRCA2 faulty gene has come back negative. There is no need for a person to feel guilty about having this gene. It would have been passed on to that person from someone else in the family line. Remember, these genes can come from the male side of the family and not necessarily the female side. These genes can also affect males.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hola Marias,
Thank you for your post. All is well with the compression sleeves. My doctor here in Exmouth made mistakes with the prescription she sent to the pharmacist here. I sorted everything out. I spoke on the phone to the surgery and went through everything line by line. I did the same with the pharmacist. I obtained a new prescription and took it to the pharmacist. He ordered the sleeves and I was able to collect them the next day.
At my last appointment at the hospital the swelling had improved greatly. I think this might be more because I have kept using the right arm and doing exercises, more than wearing the sleeve.
My arm is swollen only in the middle and the rest is the same as my left arm.
I am still doing gardening but I do not do any digging.
It is so interesting to have you on the thread.
Belated Happy Birthday and many more happy birthdays to come.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
I have put all this in Spanish on the next post, so that you can understand more easily.
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Hola Marias,
Gracias por tu publicación. Todo está bien con las mangas de compresión. Mi médico aquí en Exmouth cometió errores con la receta que envió al farmacéutico aquí. Resolví todo. Hablé por teléfono con la cirugía y revisé todo línea por línea. Hice lo mismo con el farmacéutico. Obtuve una nueva receta y la llevé al farmacéutico. Él ordenó las mangas y pude recogerlas al día siguiente.
En mi última cita en el hospital, la hinchazón había mejorado mucho. Creo que esto podría ser más porque he seguido usando el brazo derecho y haciendo ejercicios, más que usar la manga.
Mi brazo está hinchado solo en el medio y el resto es igual que mi brazo izquierdo.
Todavía estoy haciendo jardinería, pero no hago ninguna excavación.
Es muy interesante tenerte en el hilo.
Feliz cumpleaños tardío y muchos más cumpleaños felices por venir.
Amor.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hola Marias,
I do hope that you will be able to put the thought of breast cancer and everything related to it out of your mind while you are on your holiday in Europe.
When you come back you can prepare for the MRI scan and the comparison with your last mammogram.
I do hope you will feel better from having B12 injections. The B vitamins are supposed to be good for energy.
I can understand that you need to be careful during your long plane journey. Will you wear your comparison garments during the flight? It makes sense to get up and stretch your legs every so often during the flight.
I was puzzled about taking a daily aspirin to avoid lymphoedema, but I am not a doctor. I know that people take aspirin to thin the blood. I have not heard of aspirin thinning the lymph or helping the damaged lymph system to move lymph around, but then I am not a doctor. I have been told there is nothing to take which can help a damaged lymph system and that makes sense. If it is damaged it is permanent and that is why lymphoedema is a chronic condition with no cure. That is what I have been told.
I do hope you will have good news today from the ultrasound that is checking what you have in the vesicle, which my medical book tells me is a blister.
I was glad to read that the physiotherapy is helping to make you feel stronger.
I was interested to know that you are going for lymphatic massage three times a week so that your lymph will keep flowing.
I get the impression that you are getting much better treatment for lymphoedema than we get here in the UK. I get an appointment only every six months with a lymphoedema specialist at the hospital. All she does is measure the arm, weigh you and look at the arm to see if it is being well moisturised. I can have two new sleeves on prescription every six months. For new patients there is a waiting period of three months to get an appointment. This is not good as time is of the essence with lymphoedema and waiting is not good.
There are private specialists but they are very expensive.
Are you getting your treatment privately or is it through State medicine?
Our NHS is in a lot of trouble.
Thinking of you.
Sylvia xxxx
I have put all this into Spanish for you in the next post.
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Hola Marias,
Espero que seas capaz de pensar en el cáncer de mama y todo lo relacionado con él fuera de tu mente mientras estás de vacaciones en Europa.
Cuando regrese, puede prepararse para la resonancia magnética y la comparación con su última mamografía.
Espero que se sienta mejor si tiene inyecciones de B12. Se supone que las vitaminas B son buenas para la energía.
Puedo entender que debes tener cuidado durante tu largo viaje en avión. ¿Usará sus prendas de comparación durante el vuelo? Tiene sentido levantarse y estirar las piernas de vez en cuando durante el vuelo.
Me desconcertó tomar una aspirina diaria para evitar el linfedema, pero no soy médico. Sé que las personas toman aspirina para diluir la sangre. No he oído hablar de la aspirina adelgazar la linfa o ayudar al sistema linfático dañado a mover la linfa, pero entonces no soy médico. Me han dicho que no hay nada que tomar que pueda ayudar a un sistema linfático dañado y eso tiene sentido. Si está dañado, es permanente y es por eso que el linfedema es una afección crónica sin cura. Eso es lo que me dijeron.
Espero que hoy tengas buenas noticias del ultrasonido que comprueba lo que tienes en la vesícula, que mi libro de medicina me dice que es una ampolla.
Me alegré de leer que la fisioterapia está ayudando a sentirte más fuerte.
Me interesó saber que vas a recibir un masaje linfático tres veces por semana para que tu linfa siga fluyendo.
Tengo la impresión de que está recibiendo un tratamiento mucho mejor para el linfedema que el que recibimos aquí en el Reino Unido. Recibo una cita solo cada seis meses con un especialista en linfedema en el hospital. Todo lo que hace es medir el brazo, pesarte y mirar el brazo para ver si está bien humectado. Puedo tener dos nuevas fundas con receta cada seis meses. Para pacientes nuevos hay un período de espera de tres meses para obtener una cita. Esto no es bueno ya que el tiempo es esencial con el linfedema y esperar no es bueno.
Hay especialistas privados pero son muy caros.
¿Recibe su tratamiento en privado o es a través de la medicina estatal?
Nuestro NHS está en un montón de problemas.
Pensando en ti.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Nancy,
It was nice to see you back on the thread. I have been busy catching up this morning and need to take a break. I shall post later on.
Love.
Sylvia xxxx
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Hello Sylvie
My health service is the health service of the University where I work is a special service really been well attended.
I go 3 times to the lymphatic massage where they teach the body the way for the lymph to come out. Now that I am going to be traveling. They tell me that I should not wear compression sleeve. I have never used it. Why it may be tighter than necessary.
They recommended me better to use a bandage that I do on the day of the trip so that the arm is a little compressed that day no more.
Diana Uribe speaks every Sunday on Colombian radio on a radio called snail and tells stories of several countries about the English and it started when the Celts and the Saxons were there and then how the angles arrive and fight for the territory then how they arrive the Romans and do the wall of Adriano.
Then it tells how the Romans already Christianized arrive and one of them Saint Patrick goes north towards Ireland and here in England there are other Catholics.
Later on, she tells the arrival of the Vikings and how the kings of England are going to finish being of Norman origin and the Normans are Vikings who lived or who gave him permission to live in the north of France so that they did not keep moving..
Thethe creation of the Magna Carta when John without land by the manifestations of the poor in search of benefits for themselves and not only for the nobles also then the arrival of the tudors and the great merger good the history of eighth program the great Empire that created Isabel.
And showing how she creation of the great Navy that became a form of war with Spain through the financing also of the corsairs and pirates who attacked parts of the Spanish colonies and then the great defeat that had the invincible armada of Spain due to a great storm that there was.
After the arrival of the tudors after the murder of Carlos first and the arrival of Lord Protector Rumble then the parliament.
Is a big history
Abrazos
Marias
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